Back to Drac’

Thursday, 7th Feb, 2019 by Krilling for Company in √2, Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics, Square root of 2, Squares and tagged 1/√2, animated gifs, √2, Davis-Knuth dragon, dragon curves, fractal geometry, fractals, geometry, math, mathematics, maths, reciprocal of the square root of 2, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths, square root of 2, Squares, twin-dragon curve | Leave a comment

draconic, adj. /drəˈkɒnɪk/ pertaining to, or of the nature of, a dragon. [Latin draco, -ōnem, < Greek δράκων dragon] — The Oxford English Dictionary

In Curvous Energy, I looked at the strange, beautiful and complex fractal known as the dragon curve and showed how it can be created from a staid and sedentary square:

A dragon curve

Here are the stages whereby the dragon curve is created from a square. Note how each square at one stage generates a pair of further squares at the next stage:

Dragon curve from squares #1

Dragon curve from squares #2

Dragon curve from squares #3

Dragon curve from squares #4

Dragon curve from squares #5

Dragon curve from squares #6

Dragon curve from squares #7

Dragon curve from squares #8

Dragon curve from squares #9

Dragon curve from squares #10

Dragon curve from squares #11

Dragon curve from squares #12

Dragon curve from squares #13

Dragon curve from squares #14

Dragon curve from squares (animated)

The construction is very easy and there’s no tricky trigonometry, because you can use the vertices and sides of each old square to generate the vertices of the two new squares. But what happens if you use lines rather than squares to generate the dragon curve? You’ll discover that less is more:

Dragon curve from lines #1

Dragon curve from lines #2

Dragon curve from lines #3

Dragon curve from lines #4

Dragon curve from lines #5

Each line at one stage generates a pair of further lines at the next stage, but there’s no simple way to use the original line to generate the new ones. You have to use trigonometry and set the new lines at 45° to the old one. You also have to shrink the new lines by a fixed amount, 1/√2 = 0·70710678118654752… Here are further stages:

Dragon curve from lines #6

Dragon curve from lines #7

Dragon curve from lines #8

Dragon curve from lines #9

Dragon curve from lines #10

Dragon curve from lines #11

Dragon curve from lines #12

Dragon curve from lines #13

Dragon curve from lines #14

Dragon curve from lines (animated)

But once you have a program that can adjust the new lines, you can experiment with new angles. Here’s a dragon curve in which one new line is at an angle of 10°, while the other remains at 45° (after which the full shape is rotated by 180° because it looks better that way):

Dragon curve 10° and 45°

Dragon curve 10° and 45° (animated)

Dragon curve 10° and 45° (coloured)

Here are more examples of dragon curves generated with one line at 45° and the other line at a different angle:

Dragon curve 65°

Dragon curve 65° (anim)

Dragon curve 65° (col)

Dragon curve 80°

Dragon curve 80° (anim)

Dragon curve 80° (col)

Dragon curve 135°

Dragon curve 135° (anim)

Dragon curve 250°

Dragon curve 250° (anim)

Dragon curve 250° (col)

Dragon curve 260°

Dragon curve 260° (anim)

Dragon curve 260° (col)

Dragon curve 340°

Dragon curve 340° (anim)

Dragon curve 340° (col)

Dragon curve 240° and 20°

Dragon curve 240° and 20° (anim)

Dragon curve 240° and 20° (col)

Dragon curve various angles (anim)

Previously pre-posted:

• Curvous Energy — a first look at dragon curves

Rigging in the Trigging

Tuesday, 29th Jan, 2019 by Krilling for Company in Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics, Triangles and tagged animated gifs, fractal geometry, fractal gifs, fractals, geometry, math, mathematics, maths, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths, Triangles | Leave a comment

Here’s a simple pattern of three triangles:

Three-Triangle Pattern

Now replace each triangle in the pattern with the same pattern at a smaller scale:

Replacing triangles

If you keep on doing this, you create what I’ll call a trigonal fractal (trigon is Greek for “triangle”):

Trigonal Fractal stage #3 (click for larger)

Trigonal Fractal stage #4

Trigonal Fractal stage #5

Trigonal Fractal #6

Trigonal Fractal #7

Trigonal Fractal #8

Trigonal Fractal (animated) (click for larger)

You can use the same pattern to create different fractals by rotating the replacement patterns in different ways. I call this “rigging the trigging” and here are some of the results:

You can also use a different seed-pattern to create the fractals:

Trigonal fractal (animated)

Trigonal fractal (anim)

Note: The title of this incendiary intervention is of course a paranomasia on the song “Frigging in the Rigging”, also known as “Good Ship Venus” and performed by the Sex Pistols on The Great Rock ’n’ Roll Swindle (1979).

Curvous Energy

Monday, 7th Jan, 2019 by Krilling for Company in Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics, Rep-Tiles and tagged Chinese dragons, Davis-Knuth dragon, dragon curves, fractal geometry, fractals, geometry, math, mathematics, maths, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths, Rep-Tiles, soft corals, Squares, tiling the plane, twin-dragon curve | Leave a comment

Here is a strange and beautiful fractal known as a dragon curve:

A dragon curve (note: this is a twin-dragon curve or Davis-Knuth dragon)

And here is the shape generally regarded as the dullest and most everyday of all:

A square

But squares are square, so let’s go back to dragon-curves. This particular kind of dragon-curve looks a lot like a Chinese dragon. You can see the same writhing energy and scaliness:

Chinese dragon

Dragon-curve for comparison

Dragon-curves also look like some species of soft coral:

Red soft-coral

In short, dragon-curves are organic and lively, quite unlike the rigid, lifeless solidity of a square. But there’s more to a dragon-curve than immediately meets the eye. Dragon-curves are rep-tiles, that is, you can tile one with smaller copies of itself:

Dragon-curve rep-tiled with two copies of itself

Dragon-curve rep-4

Dragon-curve rep-8

Dragon-curve rep-16

Dragon-curve rep-32

Dragon-curve self-tiling (animated)

From the rep-32 dragon-curve, you can see that a dragon-curve can be surrounded by six copies of itself. Here’s an animation of the process:

Dragon-curve surrounded (anim)

And because dragon-curves are rep-tiles, they will tile the plane:

Dragon-curve tiling #1

Dragon-curve tiling #2

But how do you make these strange and beautiful shapes, with their myriad curves and curlicules, their energy and liveliness? It’s actually very simple. You start with the shape generally regarded as the dullest and most everyday of all:

A square

Then you see how the shape can be replaced by five smaller copies of itself:

Square overlaid by five smaller squares

Square replaced by five smaller squares

Then you set about replacing it with two of those smaller copies:

Replacing squares Stage #0

Replacing squares Stage #1

Then you do it again to each of the copies:

Replacing squares Stage #2

And again:

Replacing squares #3

And again:

Replacing squares #4

And keep on doing it:

Replacing squares #5

Replacing squares #6

Replacing squares #7

Replacing squares #8

Replacing squares #9

Replacing squares #10

Replacing squares #11

Replacing squares #12

Replacing squares #13

Replacing squares #14

Replacing squares #15

And in the end you’ve got a dragon-curve:

Dragon-curve built from squares

Dragon-curve built from squares (animated)

Phrock and Roll

Friday, 23rd Nov, 2018 by Krilling for Company in Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics and tagged fractal, fractal geometry, fractals, geometry, math, mathematics, maths, phallic symbolism, phallus, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths | Leave a comment

What does a fractal phallus look like?

Millions of people have axed this corely key question.

The Overlord of the Über-Feral can answer it — keyly, corely and comprehensively dot dot dot

And here is the answer: Phrallic Frolics…

Tright Treeing

Tuesday, 20th Nov, 2018 by Krilling for Company in Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics and tagged fractal geometry, fractals, geometry, isoceles right triangles, math, mathematics, maths, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths, Rep-Tiles, right triangles, Triangles | Leave a comment

Here is a very simple tree with two branches:

Two-branch tree

These are the steps that a simple computer program follows to draw the tree, with a red arrow indicating where the computer’s focus is at each stage:

Two-branch tree stage 1

2-Tree stage 2

2-Tree stage 3

2-Tree stage 4

2-Tree (animated)

If you had to give the computer an explicit instruction at each stage, the instructions might look something like this:
1. Start at node 1, draw a left branch to node 2 and colour the node green. 2. Return to node 1. 3. Draw a right branch to node 3 and colour the node green. 4. Finish.
Now try a slightly less simple tree with branches that fork twice:

Four-branch tree (static)

These are the steps that a simple computer program follows to draw the tree, with a red arrow indicating where the computer’s focus is at each stage:

4-Tree #1

4-Tree #2

4-Tree #3

4-Tree #4

4-Tree #5

4-Tree #6

4-Tree #7

4-Tree #8

4-Tree #9

4-Tree #10

4-Tree #11

4-Tree (animated)

If you had to give the computer an explicit instruction at each stage, the instructions might look something like this:
1. Start at node 1 and draw a left branch to node 2. 2. Draw a left branch to node 3 and colour it green. 3. Return to node 2. 4. Draw a right branch to node 4 and colour it green. 5. Return to node 2. 6. Return to node 1. 7. Draw a right branch to node 5. 8. Draw a left branch to node 6. 9. Draw a left branch to node 7 and colour it green. 10. Return to node 6. 11. Draw a left branch to node 8 and colour it green. 12. Finish.
It’s easy to see that the list of instructions would be much bigger for a tree with branches that fork three times, let alone four times or you. But you don’t need to give a full set of explicit instructions: you can use a program, or a list of instructions using variables. Suppose the tree has branches that fork f times. If f = 4, you will need an array variable level() with four values, level(1), level(2), level(3) and level(4). Now follow these instructions:
1. li = 1, level(1) = 0, level(2) = 0, ... level(f+1) = 0 2. level(li) = level(li) + 1 3. If level(li) = 1, draw a branch to the left and jump to step 7 4. If level(li) = 2, draw a branch to the right and jump to step 7 5. li = li - 1 (note that this line is reached if the tests fail in lines 3 and 4) 6. If li > 0, jump to step 2, otherwise jump to step 11 7. If li = f, draw a green node and jump to step 5 9. li = li + 1 10. Jump to step 2 11. Finish.
By changing the value of f, a computer can use those eleven basic instructions to draw any size of tree (I’ve left out details like changes in the length of branches and so on). When f = 4, the tree will look like this:

16-Tree (static)

16-Tree (animated)

With simple adjustments, the program can be used for other shapes whose underlying structure can be represented symbolically as a tree. The program is in fact a fractalizer, that is, it draws a fractal. So if you use a version of the program to draw fractals based on right-triangles, you can say you are “tright treeing” (tright = triangle-that-is-right).

Here is some tright treeing. Start with a simple isoceles right-triangle. It can be divided into smaller isoceles right-triangles by finding the midpoint of the hypotenuse, then repeating:

Right-triangle rep-2 stage 1

Right-triangle #2

Tright #3

Tright #4

Tright #5

Tright #6

Tright #7

Tright #7 (no internal lines)

You can distort the isoceles right-triangle in interesting ways by finding the midpoint of a side other than the hypotenuse, like this:

Right-triangle (distorted) #1

Distorted tright #2

Distorted tright #3

Distorted tright #4

Distorted tright #5

Distorted tright #6

Distorted tright #7

Distorted tright #8

Distorted tright #9

Distorted tright #10

Distorted tright #11

Distorted tright #12

Distorted tright #13

Distorted tright (animated)

Here’s a different right-triangle. When you divide it regularly, it looks like this:

Right-triangle rep-3 stage 1

Rep-3 Tright #2

3-Tright #3

3-Tright #4

3-Tright #5

3-Tright #6

3-Tright #7

3-Tright #8

3-Tright #9

3-Tright (one colour)

When you distort the divisions, you can create interesting fractals (click on images for larger versions):

Distorted 3-Tright

Distorted 3-Tright (animated)

And when four of the distorted right-triangles (rep-2 or rep-3) are joined in a diamond, you can create shapes like these:

Creating a diamond #1

Creating a diamond #2

Creating a diamond #3

Creating a diamond #4

Creating a diamond (animated)

Rep-3 right-triangle diamond (divided)

Rep-3 right-triangle diamond (single colour)

Distorted rep-3 right-triangle diamond

Distorted 3-tright diamond

Distorted 3-tright diamond (animated)

Distorted rep-2 right-triangle

Distorted 2-tright diamond

Distorted 2-tright diamond (animated)

Square Routes Re-Re-Re-Revisited

Monday, 29th Oct, 2018 by Krilling for Company in Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics, Rep-Tiles and tagged fractal geometry, fractals, geometry, jumping point, math, mathematics, maths, moving point, random jumps, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths, Squares | Leave a comment

Discovering something that’s new to you in recreational maths is good. But so is re-discovering it by a different route. I’ve long been passionate about what happens when a point is allowed to jump repeatedly halfway towards the randomly chosen vertices of a square. If the point can choose any vertex any number of times, the interior of the square fills slowly and completely with points, like this:

Point jumping at random halfway towards vertices of a square

However, if the point is banned from jumping towards the same vertex twice or more in a row, an interesting fractal appears:

Fractal #1 — ban on jumping towards vertex v_i twice or more

If the point can’t jump towards the vertex one place clockwise of the vertex it’s just jumped towards, this fractal appears:

Fractal #2 — ban on jumping towards vertex v_i+1

If the point can’t jump towards the vertex two places clockwise of the vertex it’s just jumped towards, this fractal appears (two places clockwise is also two places anticlockwise, i.e. the banned vertex is diagonally opposite):

Fractal #3 — ban on jumping towards vertex v_i+2

Now I’ve discovered a new way to create these fractals. You take a filled square, divide it into smaller squares, then remove some of them in a systematic way. Then you do the same to the smaller squares that remain. For fractal #1, you do this:

Fractal #1, stage #1

Stage #2

Stage #3

Stage #4

Stage #5

Stage #6

Stage #7

Stage #8

Fractal #1 (animated)

For fractal #2, you do this:

Fractal #2, stage #1

Stage #2

Stage #3

Stage #4

Stage #5

Stage #6

Stage #7

Stage #8

Fractal #2 (animated)

For fractal #3, you do this:

Fractal #3, stage #1

Stage #2

Stage #3

Stage #4

Stage #5

Stage #6

Stage #7

Stage #8

Fractal #3 (animated)

If the sub-squares are coloured, it’s easier to understand how, say, fractal #1 is created:

Fractal #1 (coloured), stage #1

Stage #2

Stage #3

Stage #4

Stage #5

Stage #6

Stage #7

Stage #8

Fractal #1 (coloured and animated)

The fractal is actually being created in quarters, with one quarter rotated to form the second, third and fourth quarters:

Fractal #1, quarter

Here’s an animation of the same process for fractal #3:

Fractal #3 (coloured and animated)

So you can create these fractals either with a jumping point or by subdividing a square. But in fact I discovered the subdivided-square route by looking at a variant of the jumping-point route. I wondered what would happen if you took a point inside a square, allowed it to trace all possible routes towards the vertices without marking its position, then imposed the restriction for Fractal #1 on its final jump, namely, that it couldn’t jump towards the vertex it jumped towards on its previous jump. If the point is marked after its final jump, this is what appears (if the routes chosen had been truly random, the image would be similar but messier):

Fractal #1, restriction on final jump

Then I imposed the same restriction on the point’s final two jumps:

Fractal #1, restriction on final 2 jumps

And final three jumps:

Fractal #1, restriction on final 3 jumps

And so on:

Fractal #1, restriction on final 4 jumps

Fractal #1, restriction on final 5 jumps

Fractal #1, restriction on final 6 jumps

Fractal #1, restriction on final 7 jumps

Here are animations of the same process applied to fractals #2 and #3:

Fractal #2, restrictions on final 1, 2, 3… jumps

Fractal #3, restrictions on final 1, 2, 3… jumps

The longer the points are allowed to jump before the final restriction is imposed on their n final jumps, the more densely packed the marked points will be:

Fractal #1, packed points #1

Packed points #2

Packed points #3

Eventually, the individual points will form a solid mass, like this:

Fractal #1, solid mass of points

Fractal #1, packed points (animated)

Previously pre-posted (please peruse):

• Square Routes
• Square Routes Revisited
• Square Routes Re-Revisited
• Square Routes Re-Re-Revisited

Horn Again

Friday, 22nd Jun, 2018 by Krilling for Company in Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics and tagged five-legged octopus, geometry, horned pentagon, horned polygons, horned square, horned triangle, mathematics, maths, pentagonal octopus, pentagons, pentapus, polygons, quadricorn, quinticorn, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths, sexicorn, Squares, Triangles, tricorn | Leave a comment

Pre-previously on Overlord-in-terms-of-Core-Issues-around-Maximal-Engagement-with-Key-Notions-of-the-Über-Feral, I interrogated issues around this shape, the horned triangle:

Horned Triangle (more details)

Now I want to look at the tricorn (from Latin tri-, “three”, + -corn, “horn”). It’s like a horned triangle, but has three horns instead of one:

Tricorn, or three-horned triangle

These are the stages that make up the tricorn:

Tricorn (stages)

Tricorn (animated)

And there’s no need to stop at triangles. Here is a four-horned square, or quadricorn:

Quadricorn

Quadricorn (animated)

Quadricorn (coloured)

And a five-horned pentagon, or quinticorn:

Quinticorn, or five-horned pentagon

Quinticorn (anim)

Quinticorn (col)

And below are some variants on the shapes above. First, the reversed tricorn:

Reversed Tricorn

Reversed Tricorn (anim)

Reversed Tricorn (col)

The nested tricorn:

Nested Tricorn (anim)

Nested Tricorn (col)

Nested Tricorn (red-green)

Nested Tricorn (variant col)

The nested quadricorn:

Nested Quadricorn (anim)

Nested Quadricorn

Nested Quadricorn (col #1)

Nested Quadricorn (col #2)

Finally (and ferally), the pentagonal octopus or pentapus:

Pentapus (anim)

Pentapus

Pentapus #2

Pentapus #3

Pentapus #4

Pentapus #5

Pentapus #6

Pentapus (col anim)

Elsewhere other-engageable:

• The Art Grows Onda — the horned triangle and Katsushika Hokusai’s painting The Great Wave off Kanagawa (c. 1830)

Fink Frakt

Wednesday, 23rd May, 2018 by Krilling for Company in Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics and tagged forced jumps, fractal geometry, fractals, geometry, history of jumps, mathematics, maths, moving point, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths, square, vertex, vertices | Leave a comment

Pre-previously on Overlord-In-Terms-of-Issues-Around-Engagement-with-the-Über-Feral, I’ve looked at various ways of creating fractals by restricting the moves of a point jumping towards the vertices of a polygon. For example, the point can be banned from jumping towards the same vertex twice in a row. This time, I want to look at fractals created not by restriction, but by compulsion. If the point jumps towards vertex v and then tries to jump towards vertex v again, it will be forced to jump towards vertex v+1 instead, and so on.

You could call v → v+1 a forced increment or finc. So these are finc fractals. In some cases, restriction and compulsion create the same fractals, but I’ve found some new fractals using compulsion. Consider the fractal created by the rule v_[-2]+1, v_[-1] → +0,+1, where the subscripts refer to the history of jumps: v_[-2] is the jump-before-last, v_[-1] is the last jump. If the new vertex, v_[0], chosen is the same as v_[-2]+1 (e.g., v_[0] = 2 = v_[-2]+1 = 1+1), then the forced increment is 0, i.e., the point is allowed to choose that jump. However, if v_[0] = v_[-1], then the forced increment is 1 and the point must jump towards v_[-1]+1.

Here is the fractal in question:

v_[-2]+1, v_[-1] → +0,+1 (black-and-white)

v_[-2]+1, v_[-1] → +0,+1 (colour)

1,0 → +0,+1 (animated)

1,0 → +1,+0 (bw)

1,0 → +1,+0 (col)

1,0 → +1,+0 (anim)

1,0 → +1,+1 (bw)

1,0 → +1,+1 (col)

1,0 → +1,+1 (animated)

0,1 → +2,+1 (anim)

0,1 → +3,+1

1,0 → +0,+1

1,0 → +1,+0

1,1 → +0,+1

1,1 → +1,+2

1,1 → +1,+3

1,1 → +2,+1

1,2 → +0,+3

1,3 → +0,+1

2,2 → +0,+1

But suppose the history of jumps records not actual jumps, but the jumps the point wanted to make instead. In some cases, the jump made will be the same as the jump originally chosen, but in other cases it won’t. Here are some fractals using this method:

0 → +2

0 → +3

2 → +1

2 → +2

Fract-Hills

Monday, 16th Apr, 2018 by Krilling for Company in Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics, Prime numbers and tagged factorization, Farey fractals, Farey fractions, Farey sequence, fractal geometry, fractals, fractions, mathematics, maths, prime factorization, prime factors, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths | Leave a comment

The Farey sequence is a fascinating sequence of fractions that divides the interval between 0/1 and 1/1 into smaller and smaller parts. To find the Farey fraction a_[i] / b_[i], you simply find the mediant of the Farey fractions on either side:
• a_[i] / b_[i] = (a_[i-1] + a_[i+1]) / (b_[i-1] + b_[i+1])
Then, if necessary, you reduce the numerator and denominator to their simplest possible terms. So the sequence starts like this:
• 0/1, 1/1
To create the next stage, find the mediant of the two fractions above: (0+1) / (1+1) = 1/2
• 0/1, 1/2, 1/1
For the next stage, there are two mediants to find: (0+1) / (1+2) = 1/3, (1+1) / (2+3) = 2/3
• 0/1, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1/1
Note that 1/2 is the mediant of 1/3 and 2/3, that is, 1/2 = (1+2) / (3+3) = 3/6 = 1/2. The next stage is this:
• 0/1, 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 1/1
Now 1/2 is the mediant of 2/5 and 3/5, that is, 1/2 = (2+3) / (5+5) = 5/10 = 1/2. Further stages go like this:
• 0/1, 1/5, 1/4, 2/7, 1/3, 3/8, 2/5, 3/7, 1/2, 4/7, 3/5, 5/8, 2/3, 5/7, 3/4, 4/5, 1/1

• 0/1, 1/6, 1/5, 2/9, 1/4, 3/11, 2/7, 3/10, 1/3, 4/11, 3/8, 5/13, 2/5, 5/12, 3/7, 4/9, 1/2, 5/9, 4/7, 7/12, 3/5, 8/13, 5/8, 7/11, 2/3, 7/10, 5/7, 8/11, 3/4, 7/9, 4/5, 5/6, 1/1

• 0/1, 1/7, 1/6, 2/11, 1/5, 3/14, 2/9, 3/13, 1/4, 4/15, 3/11, 5/18, 2/7, 5/17, 3/10, 4/13, 1/3, 5/14, 4/11, 7/19, 3/8, 8/21, 5/13, 7/18, 2/5, 7/17, 5/12, 8/19, 3/7, 7/16, 4/9, 5/11, 1/2, 6/11, 5/9, 9/16, 4/7, 11/19, 7/12, 10/17, 3/5, 11/18, 8/13, 13/21, 5/8, 12/19, 7/11, 9/14, 2/3, 9/13, 7/10, 12/17, 5/7, 13/18, 8/11, 11/15, 3/4, 10/13, 7/9, 11/14, 4/5, 9/11, 5/6, 6/7, 1/1
The Farey sequence is actually a fractal, as you can see more easily when it’s represented as an image:

Farey fractal stage #1, representing 0/1, 1/2, 1/1

Farey fractal stage #2, representing 0/1, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1/1

Farey fractal stage #3, representing 0/1, 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 1/1

Farey fractal stage #4, representing 0/1, 1/5, 1/4, 2/7, 1/3, 3/8, 2/5, 3/7, 1/2, 4/7, 3/5, 5/8, 2/3, 5/7, 3/4, 4/5, 1/1

Farey fractal stage #5

Farey fractal stage #6

Farey fractal stage #7

Farey fractal stage #8

Farey fractal stage #9

Farey fractal stage #10

Farey fractal (animated)

That looks like the slope of a hill to me, so you could call it a Farey fract-hill. But Farey fract-hills or Farey fractals aren’t confined to the unit interval, 0/1 to 1/1. Here are Farey fractals for the intervals 0/1 to n/1, n = 1..10:

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 1/1

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 2/1, beginning 0/1, 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 1/1, 5/4, 4/3, 7/5, 3/2, 8/5, 5/3, 7/4, 2/1

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 3/1, beginning 0/1, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1/1, 5/4, 4/3, 7/5, 3/2, 8/5, 5/3, 7/4, 2/1, 7/3, 5/2, 8/3, 3/1

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 4/1, beginning
0/1, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1/1, 4/3, 3/2, 5/3, 2/1, 7/3, 5/2, 8/3, 3/1, 10/3, 7/2, 11/3, 4/1

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 5/1, beginning 0/1, 1/1, 5/4, 10/7, 5/3, 7/4, 2/1, 7/3, 5/2, 8/3, 3/1, 13/4, 10/3, 25/7, 15/4, 4/1, 5/1

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 6/1, beginning 0/1, 1/2, 1/1, 4/3, 3/2, 5/3, 2/1, 5/2, 3/1, 7/2, 4/1, 13/3, 9/2, 14/3, 5/1, 11/2, 6/1

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 7/1, beginning 0/1, 7/5, 7/4, 2/1, 7/3, 21/8, 14/5, 3/1, 7/2, 4/1, 21/5, 35/8, 14/3, 5/1, 21/4, 28/5, 7/1

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 8/1, beginning 0/1, 1/2, 1/1, 3/2, 2/1, 5/2, 3/1, 7/2, 4/1, 9/2, 5/1, 11/2, 6/1, 13/2, 7/1, 15/2, 8/1

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 9/1, beginning 0/1, 1/1, 3/2, 2/1, 3/1, 7/2, 4/1, 13/3, 9/2, 14/3, 5/1, 11/2, 6/1, 7/1, 15/2, 8/1, 9/1

Farey fractal for interval 0/1 to 10/1, beginning 0/1, 5/4, 5/3, 2/1, 5/2, 3/1, 10/3, 15/4, 5/1, 25/4, 20/3, 7/1, 15/2, 8/1, 25/3, 35/4, 10/1

The shape of the slope is determined by the factorization of n:

n = 12 = 2^2 * 3

n = 16 = 2^4

n = 18 = 2 * 3^2

n = 20 = 2^2 * 5

n = 25 = 5^2

n = 27 = 3^3

n = 32 = 2^5

n = 33 = 3 * 11

n = 42 = 2 * 3 * 7

n = 64 = 2^6

n = 65 = 5 * 13

n = 70 = 2 * 5 * 7

n = 77 = 7 * 11

n = 81 = 3^4

n = 96 = 2^5 * 3

n = 99 = 3^2 * 11

n = 100 = 2^2 * 5^2

Farey fractal-hills, n = various

Jumping Jehosophracts!

Saturday, 7th Apr, 2018 by Krilling for Company in Fractals, Geometry, Mathematics and tagged fractal geometry, fractals, geometry, hexagons, jumping point, mathematics, maths, pentagons, point moving inside a hexagon, point moving inside a pentagon, recreational math, recreational mathematics, recreational maths | Leave a comment

As I’ve shown pre-previously on Overlord-in-terms-of-issues-around-the-Über-Feral, you can create interesting fractals by placing restrictions on a point jumping inside a fractal towards a randomly chosen vertex. For example, the point can be banned from jumping towards the same vertex twice in a row, and so on.

But you can use other restrictions. For example, suppose that the point can jump only once or twice towards any vertex, that is, (j = 1,2). It can then jump towards the same vertex again, but not the same number of times as it previously jumped. So if it jumps once, it has to jump twice next time; and vice versa. If you use this rule on a pentagon, this fractal appears: